Song of Toledo – I

Introduction In 711 C.E., an army some 10,000 strong, comprised of Arabs and Berbers, crossed the Mediterranean from northern Africa and landed on the Iberian Peninsula at what later became known as Gibraltar. That invasion marked the beginning of a two-decade sweep into Europe by Muslims – later known as Moors – that ended on the north side of the […]

In Which Lies the Value of Life

I live in the greater neighborhood of Lewiston, Maine, where, as all the nation knows, a gunman recently killed 18 people and wounded several others before turning a gun on himself. When I say greater neighborhood I mean the small town in which I live is close enough that we were part of the lockdown order over two days, the […]